What type of bacteria convert ammonium into nitrates?

Nitrifying bacteria are specialized microorganisms that play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle by converting ammonia (NH4+) into nitrates (NO3-). This process occurs in two main steps: first, ammonia is oxidized to nitrites (NO2-) by bacteria such as Nitrosomonas, and then nitrites are further oxidized to nitrates by bacteria such as Nitrobacter. This conversion is essential for plants, as nitrates are a more absorbable form of nitrogen that they can utilize for growth and development.

The function of nitrifying bacteria is vital in agricultural and natural ecosystems as it helps to maintain soil fertility and reduces nitrogen pollution. Their activity ensures that nitrogen, a critical nutrient, is available in forms that are usable by plants, thus supporting healthy plant growth and productivity.