What role does the notochord play in embryonic development?

The notochord is a crucial structure during embryonic development, primarily known for its role in the development of the nervous system. Its presence in the early embryo is pivotal because it induces the thickening of the ectoderm, leading to the formation of the neural plate. This process is known as neural induction, where the notochord releases signaling molecules that influence the overlying ectodermal cells to differentiate into neural tissue. This differentiation is essential for the subsequent development of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

The notochord does not form the circulatory system, store waste, or supply nutrients. Instead, its main contribution is establishing the fundamental body plan and influencing the differentiation of adjacent tissues, particularly in the development of the nervous system. Those other options refer to different processes and structures in embryonic development that are unrelated to the specific functions of the notochord.