What is the result of the process of nitrification?

Nitrification is a crucial part of the nitrogen cycle, primarily involving the conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This biochemical process occurs in two main steps, driven by specific types of bacteria.

In the first step, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) convert ammonia (NH3), which may come from organic matter decomposition or excrement, into nitrites (NO2-). In the second step, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) further oxidize nitrites to nitrates (NO3-).

Nitrates produced from nitrification are an essential form of nitrogen that plants can readily absorb and utilize for growth, making this process vital for maintaining soil fertility and promoting plant development.

The correct answer underscores the importance of nitrification in transforming nitrogenous compounds into forms that are usable by living organisms, thus facilitating the flow of nutrients in ecosystems.